Berita Satu jurnalis terbunuh setiap empat hari pada tahun 2022-23, sebagian besar kasus tidak dihukum: PBB | Berita Kebebasan Pers

Pembunuhan jurnalis di seluruh dunia melonjak pada tahun 2022-2023 dibandingkan dua tahun sebelumnya, dengan sebagian besar kasus belum terselesaikan, kata PBB. Rata-rata, satu jurnalis terbunuh

Redaksi

Berita Satu jurnalis terbunuh setiap empat hari pada tahun 2022-23, sebagian besar kasus tidak dihukum: PBB | Berita Kebebasan Pers

Pembunuhan jurnalis di seluruh dunia melonjak pada tahun 2022-2023 dibandingkan dua tahun sebelumnya, dengan sebagian besar kasus belum terselesaikan, kata PBB.

Rata-rata, satu jurnalis terbunuh setiap empat hari, kata Organisasi Pendidikan, Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Kebudayaan PBB (UNESCO) dalam sebuah laporan yang dirilis pada hari Sabtu.

Dengan 162 kematian, jumlah jurnalis yang terbunuh saat bekerja melonjak 38 persen, menurut laporan tersebut, dan menyebut peningkatan tersebut “mengkhawatirkan”.

“Pada tahun 2022 dan 2023, seorang jurnalis dibunuh setiap empat hari hanya karena melakukan tugas penting mereka untuk mencari kebenaran,” kata Direktur Jenderal UNESCO Audrey Azoulay dalam sebuah pernyataan.

Dia mendesak negara-negara untuk “berbuat lebih banyak untuk memastikan bahwa kejahatan ini tidak dibiarkan begitu saja”.

Sabtu adalah Hari Internasional untuk Mengakhiri Impunitas atas Kejahatan terhadap Jurnalis yang diakui PBB.

Jumlah pembunuhan terbesar terjadi di Amerika Latin dan Karibia, yaitu 61 kasus dalam dua tahun terakhir, sementara wilayah global yang paling sedikit menimbulkan korban jiwa bagi jurnalis adalah Amerika Utara dan Eropa Barat dengan enam pembunuhan.

Untuk pertama kalinya sejak tahun 2017, mayoritas jurnalis terbunuh di zona konflik pada tahun 2023, dengan 44 kematian atau 59 persen dari total kematian pada tahun tersebut – sebuah perubahan dari penurunan kematian terkait konflik selama bertahun-tahun.

Selama periode 2022-2023, 86 persen jurnalis lokal terbunuh saat meliput konflik, kata laporan itu.

Pada tahun 2023, Palestina mencatat jumlah kasus tertinggi, dengan 24 jurnalis meninggal saat bekerja.

Meskipun laporan tersebut tidak memasukkan kematian pada tahun 2024, sejak Oktober tahun lalu jumlah jurnalis yang terbunuh di Gaza, Israel dan Lebanon telah melonjak menjadi lebih dari 135, menurut Komite Perlindungan Jurnalis (CPJ).

Jurnalis menghadapi bahaya yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya saat meliput perang Israel di Gaza dan Lebanon.

Pihak berwenang Israel telah berulang kali membunuh dan mengancam jurnalis Al Jazeera di Gaza, yang mereka tuduh sebagai afiliasi Hamas. Jaringan tersebut telah membantah dan mengutuk klaim tersebut.

Minggu ini, Jaringan Media Al Jazeera mengutuk “penargetan sistematis” terhadap jurnalis di wilayah dan wilayah Palestina, dan mengatakan bahwa serangan tersebut “merupakan kampanye yang diperhitungkan untuk membungkam mereka yang berani mendokumentasikan realitas perang dan kehancuran”.

Laporan UNESCO mengatakan pekerja media lainnya menjadi sasaran karena meliput kejahatan terorganisir, korupsi atau ketika melaporkan demonstrasi publik.

Di antara jurnalis yang terbunuh pada tahun 2022-23, 14 di antaranya adalah perempuan – sembilan persen dari total jurnalis – sementara setidaknya lima jurnalis berusia antara 15 dan 24 tahun.

Impunitas

Laporan tersebut menyoroti impunitas dalam kasus pembunuhan jurnalis, karena 85 persen kasus yang diidentifikasi oleh UNESCO sejak tahun 2006 masih belum terselesaikan atau telah diabaikan, menurut tanggapan masing-masing negara yang dikirimkan ke badan tersebut.

Hal ini menandai adanya perbaikan pada tingkat non-resolusi sebesar 89 persen pada tahun 2018 dan 95 persen pada tahun 2012.

Namun dari 75 negara yang dihubungi oleh badan PBB tersebut untuk mendapatkan informasi terkini mengenai kasus-kasus yang masih terbuka, 17 negara tidak menanggapi sama sekali dan sembilan negara hanya mengakui permintaan tersebut.

Bahkan dari 210 kasus pembunuhan jurnalis yang berhasil diselesaikan, rata-rata waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk menyelesaikan kasus ini adalah empat tahun.

“Keadilan yang tertunda adalah keadilan yang ditolak,” tulis penulis laporan tersebut.

Sekretaris Jenderal PBB Antonio Guterres pada hari Jumat meminta pemerintah untuk “mengambil langkah-langkah mendesak” untuk melindungi jurnalis, dan menyelidiki serta mengadili kejahatan terhadap pekerja media di seluruh dunia.

“Impunitas melahirkan kekerasan lebih lanjut,” kata Guterres dalam sebuah postingan di platform media sosial X.

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